Moʻolelo hoʻomohala o nā mea hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ma Kina

ʻO ka hana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana onā ʻāpana i hana mua ʻiama Kina he moʻolelo ma kahi o 60 makahiki.I kēia mau makahiki 60, hiki ke wehewehe ʻia ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā ʻāpana i hana mua ʻia e like me ke kuʻi ʻana i kekahi snag ma hope o kekahi.

Mai ka 1950s, aia ʻo Kina i ka wā o ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka hoʻokele waiwai a me ka hoʻolālā mua ʻelima mau makahiki o ka hoʻokele waiwai aupuni.Ma lalo o ka mana o ka hana ʻana o ka Soviet Union mua, ua hoʻomaka ka ʻoihana kūkulu hale o Kina e lawe i ke ala o ka hoʻomohala prefabricated.ʻO ka mea nuinā ʻāpana i hana mua ʻiai loko o kēia wā e komo i nā kolamu, crane beams, roof beams, roof panels, skylight frames, etc.ʻOiai inā i hana mua ʻia i loko o nā hale hana, ua hana pinepine ʻia lākou i nā pā hana mua i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ka pūnaewele.ʻO ka prefabrication kekahi ʻāpana o nā ʻoihana kūkulu hale.

1. KaʻAnuʻu Mua

Mai ka 1950s, aia ʻo Kina i ka wā o ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka hoʻokele waiwai a me ka hoʻolālā mua ʻelima mau makahiki o ka hoʻokele waiwai aupuni.Ma lalo o ka mana o ka hana ʻana o ka Soviet Union mua, ua hoʻomaka ka ʻoihana kūkulu hale o Kina e lawe i ke ala o ka hoʻomohala prefabricated.ʻO nā ʻāpana nui i hana mua ʻia i kēia wā, ʻo ia nā kolamu, nā kaola crane, nā kaola hale, nā panela o ka hale, nā papa lewa, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.ʻOiai inā i hana mua ʻia i loko o nā hale hana, ua hana pinepine ʻia lākou i nā pā hana mua i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ka pūnaewele.Hana muahe ʻāpana ia o nā ʻoihana kūkulu hale.

2. KaʻAnuʻu ʻElua

I ka hopena o nā 1960s a me nā 1970s mua, me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻāpana prestressed liʻiliʻi a me ka liʻiliʻi, ua ʻike ʻia ka nui o nā ʻāpana prefabricated i nā kūlanakauhale a me nā wahi kuaʻāina.ʻO ka pā paʻa, ka pā pālahalaha, ka purlin a me ke kau ʻana o ka pā tile no nā hale kīwila;ʻO nā panela o ka hale, nā papa F-like, nā pā pā i hoʻohana ʻia i nā hale ʻoihana a me nā papa i hoʻopili ʻia i ke ʻano V a me nā papa noho i hoʻohana ʻia i nā hale ʻoihana a me nā hale kīwila i lilo i mau huahana nui o kēia mau hale hana, a ua hoʻomaka ka hana ʻana o nā ʻāpana hana.

3. KaʻAnuʻu ʻekolu

Ma ka waena o 1970s, me ka hoʻoikaika ikaika o nā keʻena aupuni, ua kūkulu ʻia kahi helu nui o nā ʻoihana paʻa paʻa nui a me nā hale hana papa kukui kukui, kahi i hoʻomaka ai ka ulu ʻana o nā ʻoihana ʻāpana prefabricated.Ma ka waena o nā makahiki 1980, ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā ʻumi kaukani o nā mea kanu prefabrication o nā ʻano nui like ʻole ma nā kūlanakauhale a me nā wahi kuaʻāina, a ua hōʻea ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻoihana ʻāpana o Kina i ka piko.I kēia pae, ʻo nā ʻano nui o nā ʻāpana prefabricated e like me kēia.Nā ʻāpana hale kivila: ka pā pā waho, ka pā hale i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, ka pā orifice pōʻai mua i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, ka lāʻau paʻa mua, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe (e like me ka hōʻike ʻana ma ke Kiʻi 1);

ʻO nā ʻāpana hale hana ʻoihana: ka lāʻau crane, kolamu i hana mua ʻia, ka hale i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i mua o ka hale, ka papa o ka hale, ke kaola o ka hale, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe (e like me ka hōʻike ʻana ma ke Kiʻi 2);

Mai ka ʻike loea, ʻo ka hana ʻana o nā ʻāpana prefabricated ma Kina ua ʻike i kahi kaʻina hana hoʻomohala mai ka haʻahaʻa a hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe, mai ka manual a hiki i ka hui ʻana i ka mīkini, ka hana mechanical, a laila i ka hana laina hui me kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka mīkini i ka hale hana. .

4. KaʻAnuʻu ʻAha

Mai ka 1990s, ʻaʻole pono nā ʻoihana hui, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā ʻoihana nui a me nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi i nā kūlanakauhale ua hiki i ke kūlana o ka hiki ʻole, a ua hāʻawi nā mea liʻiliʻi i nā hale kīwila i ka hana ʻana i nā hale hana liʻiliʻi i nā kauhale a me nā kūlanakauhale. .I ka manawa like, ua hoʻopiha ʻia nā papa hollow haʻahaʻa i hana ʻia e kekahi mau ʻoihana kūlanakauhale i ka mākeke kūkulu hale, kahi i hoʻopilikia hou i ke kiʻi o ka ʻoihana ʻāpana prefabricated.Mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o 1999, ua kauoha ʻia kekahi mau kūlanakauhale e pāpā i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā papahele hollow precast a hoʻohana i nā hale hoʻoheheʻe cast-in-situ, kahi i hana nui i ka ʻoihana ʻāpana prefabricated, a hiki i kahi manawa koʻikoʻi o ke ola. make.

I ke kenekulia 21, ua hoʻomaka ka poʻe e ʻike ʻaʻole i piha ka ʻōnaehana cast-in-situ i ka laina me nā koi hoʻomohala o ka manawa.No ka ulu ʻana o ka mākeke kūkulu hale ma Kina, ʻike ʻia nā hemahema o ka ʻōnaehana cast-in-situ.I mua o kēia mau pilikia, hui pū me ka ʻike kūleʻa o ka ʻoihana hale ʻē aʻe, ua hoʻomaka hou ka ʻoihana kūkulu hale o Kina i kahi nalu o ka "hana hana hale" a me ka "hana hana hale", a ua komo ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā ʻāpana prefabricated i kahi makahiki hou .

I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana o nā kulekele pili o nā keʻena aupuni, maikaʻi ke kūlana hoʻomohala o ka ʻoihana kūkulu hale.Hoʻonui kēia i nā hui, nā ʻoihana, nā ʻoihana, nā kula a me nā keʻena noiʻi ʻepekema i ko lākou hoihoi no ka noiʻi ʻana i nā ʻāpana prefabricated.Ma hope o nā makahiki noiʻi, ua loaʻa pū kekahi mau hopena.