Mbiri Yachitukuko cha zinthu zopangira konkriti ku China

Kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kwazida zopangiratuku China ali ndi mbiri ya zaka pafupifupi 60.M'zaka 60 izi, kupangidwa kwa zida zopangiratu kumatha kufotokozedwa ngati kugunda nsagwada imodzi .

Kuyambira zaka za m'ma 1950, China yakhala mu nthawi yobwezeretsa chuma komanso Ndondomeko yoyamba yazaka zisanu yachuma cha dziko.Mothandizidwa ndi kutukuka kwa mafakitale kumayiko omwe kale anali Soviet Union, makampani omanga ku China adayamba kutenga njira yachitukuko chokhazikika.Chachikuluzida zopangiratumu nthawi imeneyi monga mizati, crane matabwa, denga matabwa, mapanelo denga, mafelemu skylight, etc. Kupatula mapanelo padenga, ena matabwa ang'onoang'ono crane ndi yaing'ono danga padenga trusses, iwo makamaka malo precasting .Ngakhale atapangidwa kale m'mafakitale, nthawi zambiri amapangidwa m'mayadi osakhalitsa omwe amakhazikitsidwa pamalopo.Prefabrication akadali gawo la mabizinesi omanga.

1. Choyamba

Kuyambira zaka za m'ma 1950, China yakhala mu nthawi yobwezeretsa chuma komanso Ndondomeko yoyamba yazaka zisanu yachuma cha dziko.Mothandizidwa ndi kutukuka kwa mafakitale kumayiko omwe kale anali Soviet Union, makampani omanga ku China adayamba kutenga njira yachitukuko chokhazikika.Zigawo zazikulu zomwe zidakonzedweratu panthawiyi zikuphatikizapo mizati, matabwa a crane, matabwa a denga, mapanelo a denga, mafelemu a skylight, ndi zina zotero.Ngakhale atapangidwa kale m'mafakitale, nthawi zambiri amapangidwa m'mayadi osakhalitsa omwe amakhazikitsidwa pamalopo.Kukonzekeratuakadali mbali ya mabizinesi omanga.

2. Gawo Lachiwiri

Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1960 ndi kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1970, ndi chitukuko cha zigawo zing'onozing'ono ndi zazing'ono zokhazikika, mafakitale ambiri opangidwa kale adawonekera m'matauni ndi kumidzi.Mapulani opanda pake, mbale yathyathyathya, purlin ndi mbale yolendewera ya nyumba za anthu;mapanelo padenga, F woboola pakati mbale, mbale ufa ntchito mu nyumba mafakitale ndi V woboola pakati mbale apangidwe ndi chishalo mbale zogwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale ndi boma nyumba zakhala katundu waukulu wa mafakitale chigawo ichi, ndi zoduliratu mbali makampani wayamba kupanga mawonekedwe.

3. Gawo Lachitatu

M'katikati mwa zaka za m'ma 1970, ndi kulengeza kwamphamvu kwa madipatimenti aboma, mafakitale ambiri a konkire a slab ndi mafakitale a slab kuwala anamangidwa, zomwe zinayambitsa kukwera kwa chitukuko cha mafakitale opangidwa kale.Pofika pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1980, zomera zikwizikwi zopangiratu za kukula kosiyana zinali zitakhazikitsidwa m'matauni ndi kumidzi, ndipo chitukuko cha chigawo cha China chinafika pachimake.Pa nthawiyi, mitundu ikuluikulu ya ziwalo zopangiratu ndi izi.Zigawo za zomangamanga: kunja khoma slab, prestressed nyumba slab, prestressed zozungulira orifice mbale, precast konkire khonde, etc. (monga momwe chithunzi 1);

Zigawo zomangira mafakitale: mtengo wa crane, mzati wokonzedweratu, tsinde la denga lokhazikika, denga la denga, denga la denga, ndi zina zotero (monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 2);

Kuchokera pamalingaliro aukadaulo, kupanga magawo omwe adapangidwa kale ku China adakumana ndi njira yachitukuko kuchokera kumunsi kupita kumtunda, kuchokera makamaka pamanja mpaka kusakanikirana kwamakina, kupanga makina, kenako mpaka kupanga mzere wopanga ndi makina apamwamba kwambiri pafakitale. .

4. Gawo Lachinayi

Kuyambira m'ma 1990, mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono akhala osapindulitsa, mafakitale ambiri akuluakulu ndi apakatikati apakati m'mizinda afika pakusakhazikika, ndipo zigawo zing'onozing'ono m'nyumba za anthu zapereka njira yopanga mafakitale ang'onoang'ono m'midzi ndi matauni. .Nthawi yomweyo, ma slabs otsika opangidwa ndi mabizinesi amtawuniyi adasefukira pamsika womanga, zomwe zidakhudzanso chithunzi chamakampani omwe adapangidwa kale.Kuyambira kuchiyambiyambi kwa 1999, mizinda ina motsatizana analamula kuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito pansi pa dzenje ndi kugwiritsira ntchito nyumba za konkriti, zomwe zasokoneza kwambiri makampani opangira zida, zomwe zafika pa nthawi yovuta kwambiri. imfa.

M'zaka za zana la 21, anthu adayamba kupeza kuti dongosolo la cast-in-situ silikugwirizana kwathunthu ndi zofunikira zachitukuko zanthawiyo.Pamsika womwe ukukulirakulira womanga ku China, kuipa kwa cast-in-situ structure system kumakhala koonekeratu.Poyang'anizana ndi mavutowa, kuphatikiza ndi zomwe zidachitika bwino pakutukuka kwanyumba zakunja, makampani omanga ku China adayambitsanso "kukula kwamakampani omanga" ndi "kukula kwanyumba", ndipo chitukuko cha magawo omwe adapangidwa kale chalowa m'nthawi yatsopano .

M'zaka zaposachedwa, motsogozedwa ndi ndondomeko zoyenera za dipatimenti za boma, chitukuko cha chitukuko cha mafakitale ndi chabwino.Izi zimapangitsanso magulu, mabizinesi, makampani, masukulu ndi mabungwe ofufuza asayansi kukulitsa chidwi chawo pakufufuza kwa magawo omwe adapangidwa kale.Pambuyo pa zaka zofufuza, apezanso zotsatira zina.