Ukukhiqizwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kweizingxenye ezakhiwe ngaphambilieShayina inomlando cishe weminyaka engama-60.Kule minyaka engu-60, ukuthuthukiswa kwezingxenye ezakhiwe ngaphambili kungachazwa njengokushaya i-snag eyodwa ngemva kwenye.
Kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1950, iShayina ibisesikhathini sokusimama komnotho kanye noHlelo lokuqala Lweminyaka Emihlanu lomnotho wezwe.Ngaphansi kwethonya lezimboni zokwakha zeSoviet Union yangaphambili, imboni yezokwakha yaseShayina yaqala ukuthatha umgwaqo wentuthuko eyenziwe ngaphambili.Okuyinhlokoizingxenye ezakhiwe ngaphambilikulesi sikhathi kufaka phakathi amakholomu, imishayo ye-crane, imishayo yophahla, amaphaneli ophahleni, amafreyimu e-skylight, njll. Ngaphandle kwamaphaneli ophahleni, imishayo ethile emincane ye-crane kanye nama-trusses ophahla oluncane, ikakhulukazi i-site precasting .Noma ngabe zenziwa ngaphambili ezimbonini, zivame ukwakhiwa emayadini esikhashana okwenziwa ngaphambilini asungulwe esizeni.I-prefabrication iseyingxenye yezinkampani zokwakha.
1. Isinyathelo sokuqala
Kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1950, iShayina ibisesikhathini sokusimama komnotho kanye noHlelo lokuqala Lweminyaka Emihlanu lomnotho wezwe.Ngaphansi kwethonya lezimboni zokwakha zeSoviet Union yangaphambili, imboni yezokwakha yaseShayina yaqala ukuthatha umgwaqo wentuthuko eyenziwe ngaphambili.Izingxenye eziyinhloko ezakhelwe ngaphambili kulesi sikhathi zifaka amakholomu, imishayo ye-crane, imishayo yophahla, amaphaneli ophahleni, amafreyimu e-skylight, njll. Ngaphandle kwamaphaneli ophahleni, eminye imishayo emincane ye-crane kanye nama-trusses ophahla oluncane, ikakhulukazi i-site precasting.Noma ngabe zenziwa ngaphambili ezimbonini, zivame ukwakhiwa emayadini esikhashana okwenziwa ngaphambilini asungulwe esizeni.Ukwenziwa ngaphambiliniiseyingxenye yezinkampani zokwakha.
2. Isinyathelo Sesibili
Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1960 nasekuqaleni kwawo-1970, ngokuthuthukiswa kwezingxenye ezincane nezinosayizi omaphakathi, izimboni eziningi ezakhiwe ngaphambili zavela ezindaweni zasemadolobheni nasezindaweni zasemakhaya.I-slab engenalutho, i-flat plate, i-purlin ne-tile plate elengayo yezakhiwo zomphakathi;Amaphaneli ophahla, amapuleti amise okwe-F, amapuleti omkhombe asetshenziswa ezakhiweni zezimboni kanye namapuleti asongwe amise okuka-V kanye nezingcwecwe zesihlalo sehhashi ezisetshenziswa ezakhiweni zezimboni nezomphakathi seziphenduke imikhiqizo eyinhloko yalezi zimboni zezingxenye, futhi imboni yezingxenye ezakhiwe kusengaphambili isiqalile ukwakheka.
3.Isinyathelo Sesithathu
Maphakathi nawo-1970, ngokumela okuqinile kweminyango kahulumeni, kwakhiwa inani elikhulu lamafekthri amakhulu kakhonkolo namafekthri ama-slab light light, okwaqala ukwanda kokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yezingxenye ezakhiwe ngaphambili.Maphakathi nawo-1980, amashumi ezinkulungwane zezitshalo ezakhiwe kusengaphambili ezinobukhulu obuhlukene zase zisunguliwe ezindaweni zasemadolobheni nezasemaphandleni, futhi ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yezingxenye zaseShayina kwafinyelela umvuthwandaba.Kulesi sigaba, izinhlobo eziyinhloko zezingxenye ezakhiwe zimi kanje.Izingxenye zesakhiwo somphakathi: i-slab yodonga lwangaphandle, i-slab yebhilidi elicindezelwe ngaphambili, ipuleti eliyindilinga elicindezelwe ngaphambili, i-balcony kakhonkolo yangaphambili, njll. (njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 1);
Izingxenye zokwakha zezimboni: i-crane beam, ikholomu eyenziwe ngaphambilini, i-truss yophahla olucindezelwe ngaphambili, i-roof slab, i-roof beam, njll. (njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 2);
Ngokombono wezobuchwepheshe, ukukhiqizwa kwezingxenye ezakhiwe ngaphambilini e-China kuye kwabhekana nenqubo yokuthuthukiswa kusuka phansi kuye phezulu, kusukela ikakhulukazi ekuxubeni kwemishini, ukwakhiwa kwemishini, bese kuya ekukhiqizeni umugqa wokuhlanganisa ngezinga eliphezulu lokusebenzisa imishini efektri. .
4. Isinyathelo Sesine
Kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1990, amabhizinisi ayizingxenye ayengenanzuzo, iningi lamafekthri amakhulu naphakathi nendawo emadolobheni afinyelele ezingeni lokungasimami, futhi izingxenye ezincane ezakhiweni zomphakathi ziye zanikeza indawo yokukhiqizwa kwezimboni ezincane ezisemadolobheni nasemadolobheni. .Ngaso leso sikhathi, ama-slabs angaphansi angenalutho akhiqizwa amanye amabhizinisi asemalokishini agcwala imakethe yezokwakha, okuphinde kwathinta isithunzi semboni yezingxenye ezakhiwe ngaphambili.Kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-1999, amanye amadolobha ayalele ngokulandelana ukuthi avimbele ukusetshenziswa kwephansi elingenalutho futhi kusetshenziswe izakhiwo zikakhonkolo ezenziwe nge-cast-in-situ, okudale umonakalo omkhulu embonini yezingxenye ezakhiwe ngaphambili, esifinyelele esimeni esibucayi sempilo futhi. ukufa.
Ngekhulu lama-21, abantu baqala ukuthola ukuthi uhlelo lwesakhiwo se-cast-in-situ alusahambisani ngokugcwele nezidingo zentuthuko zezikhathi.Emakethe yezokwakha ekhulayo e-China, ububi besistimu yesakhiwo se-cast-in-situ kuvame ukuba sobala.Lapho ibhekene nalezi zinkinga, kuhlangene nesipiliyoni esiyimpumelelo sokusungulwa kwezimboni zezindlu zakwamanye amazwe, imboni yezokwakha yaseShayina isiphinde yasusa igagasi “lokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni zokwakha” kanye “nokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni zezindlu”, futhi ukuthuthukiswa kwezingxenye ezakhiwe kuqala sekungene enkathini entsha .
Eminyakeni yakamuva, ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwezinqubomgomo ezifanele zeminyango kahulumeni, isimo sokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni zokwakha sihle.Lokhu kwenza futhi amaqembu, amabhizinisi, izinkampani, izikole nezikhungo zocwaningo lwesayensi zandise umdlandla wazo wocwaningo lwezingxenye ezakhiwe ngaphambili.Ngemva kweminyaka yocwaningo, baye bathola nemiphumela ethile.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-15-2022